![Ashley Deeks](/sites/default/files/styles/large_profile_photo/public/deeks_3.jpg?h=b5de28d5&itok=9zyyhfRV)
Common Article 3 and Linkages Between Non State Armed Groups
The shape-shifting nature of today’s organized armed groups and their opportunistic associations with other armed groups means that a state fighting one non-state armed group (NSAG) sometimes finds itself confronting other NSAGs as well. How should we determine when two or more NSAGs are interacting in a way that unites them in a single non-international armed conflict (NIAC) against a state?